| 1. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Agglomeration Dynamics of Business Services
- 2011
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Ingår i: The annals of regional science. - : Springer. - 0570-1864 .- 1432-0592. ; 47:2, s. 373-391
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An important characteristic of the economic development in Europe and North America during the last few decades is a fast expansion of the business-service sector. The present paper aims at modeling the location dynamics of three categories of firms: (i) knowledge-intensive business-service firms, (ii) ordinary business-service firms and other firms, where the latter form the rest of the economy. In the theoretical framework, business-service firms have random-choice preferences and respond in a non-linear way to time distances in their contact efforts to customer firms. Business-service firms make their location decisions in response to local, intra-regional and extra-regional access to market demand. The econometric analysis makes use of information about time distances between zones in urban areas as well as between urban areas in the same agglomeration and between urban areas in different agglomerations. The empirical analysis shows how the number of jobs in the different sectors change in response to accessibility to purchasing power. The estimation results show that the change processes feature non-linear dependencies with varying spatial reach.
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| 2. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Creative milieus in the Stockholm region
- 2011
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Ingår i: Handbook of Creative Cities. - CHELTENHAM : EDWARD ELGAR PUBLISHING LTD. - 9780857937681 ; , s. 456-481
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Distance decay for supply and demand potentials
- 2016
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Ingår i: Letters in spatial and resource sciences. - : Springer. - 1864-4031 .- 1864-404X. ; , s. 1-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper introduces a model framework which identifies the economic activity of each local economy (location) and observes the time distance between each pair of locations. Time distance for interaction inside local economies is taken as reference. Two models of location patterns are formulated on the basis of principles adhering to new economic geography (NEG). The first model describes how business service firms (classified into three levels of knowledge intensity) select locations with a favorable demand potential, depicting a location’s access to customer demand. The second model takes the location of business-service supply as given and describes how other firms select locations with a favorable supply potential, depicting the access to business-service supply. In order to calculate each location’s demand and supply potentials we need distance-decay parameters for interaction outside the local economy. When estimating the two models we develop an approach where the distance-decay (time sensitivity) parameters are determined endogenously as an integral part of estimating location choice parameters. The exercise can be appreciated as a test of NEG principles.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Klaesson, Johan, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Co-evolution of producer services and other sectors
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Spatial Science. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer International Publishing. ; , s. 47-72, s. 47-72
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A major characteristic of the economic development in Sweden during the past 10–15 years is a fast expansion of the producer-service sector. To analyse this process, the present paper employs an approach to identify the spatial pattern of local, regional and extra-regional demand for producer services. In the associated theoretical model producer-service firms grow in locations with large market access. The estimated model predicts that the supply of producer services grows in urban areas with large market access, whereas the rest of the economy shrinks in the same areas and expands in other parts of the urban region. The change process is interpreted as an effect of firms’ outsourcing of service activities when they can rely on accessibility to service suppliers. As a result service suppliers agglomerate in central parts of the urban region, where they obtain high accessibility to their customers. The estimated change process comprises a non-linear response mechanism.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Agglomeration Dynamics of Business Services
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A major characteristic of the economic development in European and North America duringthe past 10-15 years is a fast expansion of the producer-service sector. This paper considersthe location dynamics of two categories of firms: contact-intensive producer-service suppliersand other firms, where the latter form the rest of the economy. Urban regions are decomposedinto urban areas, and the latter into zones. In the theoretical framework firms have randomchoicepreferences and respond in a non-linear way to time distances in their contact efforts.They make their location decisions in response to local, intra-regional and extra-regionalaccess to market demand. This leads to a non-linear system that over time generatescumulative change processes of growth and decline. The econometric analysis makes use ofinformation about time distances between zones in urban areas as well as between urban areasin the same agglomeration and between urban areas in different agglomerations. Thisinformation is employed in an econometric model that depicts for each urban area how thenumber of jobs in different sectors change in response to the access to customers’ purchasingpower in the entire set of urban areas. The estimation results show that the cumulative changeprocesses feature non-linear behaviour.
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| 9. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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Commuters' non-linear response to time distances
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Geographical Systems. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-5930 .- 1435-5949. ; 5:3, s. 315-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Established analyses of labour market commuting are based on random choice models and gravity type models. In these models generalised transport costs are formulated as exponential or log-linear distance dependent functions. This paper presents empirical observations, which imply that time distances influence the commuting behaviour in a non-linear way, such that the time sensitivity is much lower for very short and long distances, whereas intermediate distances display a high time sensitivity. This is explained in a model that is parameterised and estimated. The results are important for understanding and predicting commuter behaviour. It also helps to delineate space, as in classical traditions, into local, intra-regional and extra-regional space.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Börje, et al.
(författare)
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CREATIVE MILIEUS IN THE STOCKHOLM REGION
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This chapter intends to demonstrate that the Stockholm region is the key centre for knowledge development, innovations and intellectual creativity in Sweden. The region is an attractor for individuals with ambitions and talents in political, economic and cultural life. At the same time novel ideas and solutions diffuse from the Stockholm region to other regions of the country. A major effort in the study is to describe occupations with regard to (i) the skills of a job and (ii) the tasks associated with a job. Moreover, the knowledge intensity of an ur-ban region can be related to the absorption capacity of firms in the region, implying that firms can make use of all sorts of novelties in the world economy as stimuli for own imitations and innovations. Compared to other parts of Sweden, the Stockholm region has both a richer inflow of creative ideas and a larger absorptive capacity. This allows the Stockholm region to function as a source of innovation and business renewal for the rest of the country as novelties diffuse through the regional hierarchy.
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